Which of the following spreads fungal diseases in plants?

Wind-borne spores are a significant method of spreading fungal diseases in plants. Fungi produce spores that are lightweight and can be carried over long distances by the wind. When these spores land on a suitable host plant, they can germinate and infect the plant, leading to disease. This mode of transmission is particularly effective because it allows fungi to colonize new areas and infect a wide range of plant species quickly.

In contrast, while injuries to the plant can create an entry point for fungal pathogens, they do not actively spread the disease; rather, they serve as a susceptibility factor. Seed dispersion may also inadvertently transfer pathogens if the spores attach to the seeds, but it is not a primary means of spreading fungal diseases. Infectious soil can harbor fungal pathogens, but the spread primarily occurs through the wind, making wind-borne spores the key vector for widespread infection in plant populations.